Review of Stapledon’s Last and First Men

To write the future history of the human race from the middle of the twentieth century to a position two billion years from now is quite an achievement, one which will inevitably give rise to as many questions as answers. That, of course, is a good thing in that it stimulates consideration and debate. Stapledon begins with the epoch-defining struggles between three sets of competing ideologies: the first is the war between Britain and France, which represents to my mind the rival approaches to imperialism, the highest form of capitalism as Lenin called it.

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